Company The Global Economy - 1299 Words

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Flanery Oconner Good Country People - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2531 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/26 Category Literature Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? In A Good Man Is Hard To Find, OConnor introduces the reader to a family representative of the old and new Southern culture. The grandmother represents the old South by the way in which she focuses on her appearnace, manners, and gentile ladylike behavior. OConnor writes her collars and cuffs were organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady(OConnor 118). In this short story, the wild diproportion of the terms, the vapid composure that summons up the ultimate violence only to treat it as a rare social opportuinty, and the cool irony with which OConnor presents the sentence makes it both fearful and ludicrous(Asals 132). The irony that OConnor uses points out the appalling characteristics of the grandmothers self-deception that her clothes make her a lady and turns it into a comic matter. Flannery OConnor g oes to great length to give the reader insight into the characters by describing their clothes and attitudes. The fact that the grandmother took so much time in preparing herself for the trip exemplifies the old Southern tradition of self-presentation and self-pride. The grandmother takes pride in the way she presents herself because she wants everyone to know that she is a lady. Baileys, the grandsons, family represents that of the new Southern culture that is more open to change, but they are not totally receptive to change. OConnor describes the childrens mother in contrast to the grandmother by what they are wearing; thus their clothes represent the age from which they are. The Childrens mother still had on slacks and still had her head tied up in a green kerchief, but the grandmother had on navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white dot in the print(OConnor 118). The childrens mother is representative of the New South in which the Southern Lady is becoming less of a central figure within society. A lady of the old south would never wear slacks and tie her hair up in a kerchief to go out in public. Under an old south mentality these actions would be considered very unlady like. OConnor illustrates the tension between the old and the new south by the constant struggle between the grandmother, her son, and the daughter-in-law. OConnor also poses the contrast between the old and new South in her short story Good Country People. Mrs. Hopewell and Mrs. Freeman represent the old South because of the way in which they carry themselves and their traditional beliefs and values. Mrs. Freeman works for Mrs. Hopewell who states the reason for her keepin her so long was that they were not trash. They were good country people(OConnor 272). Mrs. Hopewell describes Mrs. Freeman and her two daughters as two of the finest girls she knew and Mrs. Freeman was a lady and that she was never ashamed to take her anywhere or introduce her to anybody they might me tt(OConnor 272). In contrast to Mrs. Freeman and Mrs. Hopewell, Joy/Hulga represents the new south that is not concerned with self presentation in the way that the grandmother is in A Good Man Is Hard TO Find. Joy/Hulga did not care to participate in the morning gossip between the older ladies. OConnor describes Joy/Hulgas disregard for the old south and its sense of manners: When Hulga stumped into the Kitchen in the morning (she could walk without making the awful noise but she made itMrs. Hopewell was certainbecause it was ugly-sounding), she glanced at them and did not speak. Mrs. Hopewell would be in her red kimono with her hair tied around her head in rags. (275) OConnor juxtaposes Joy/Hulga to her mother, Mrs. Hopewell, by contrasting her mannerism, clothes, and overall demure. Joy/Hulga is described as making awful noises in contrast to her mother whom is sitting in her red kimono across the kitchen from her. Mrs. Hopewells name is symbolic of her very hopeful and opti mistic nature. Joys changing her name to Hulga represents her renouncing of the old Southern traditions imposed by her mother. Joy/Hulga does not conform to the social codes of the old south because she deliberately makes grotesque and unlady like noise and does not apologize for them. Joy/Hulga is forced by her physical disabilities to live at home, the girls existence has become one continuous of outraged rejection of the life around her(Asals, 103). Joy/Hulga is also set apart from the old south because she has obtained a PH. D. in philosophy. OConnor writes Mrs. Hopewell thought it was nice for girls to go to school to have a good time but Joy had gone through. The girl had taken the Ph. D. in philosophy and this left Mrs. Hopewell at a complete loss. You could say, My daughter is a nurse, or My daughter is a schoolteacher, or even, My daughter is a chemical engineer. You could not say, My daughter is a philosopher. (276) Mrs. Hopewell feels that it is unlady like to pursue an education that far, but Joy/Hulga disregards this old southern sexist attitude about women and education. Joy/Hulga thinks she has defined a self that is the antithesis of her mothers(Asals 104). Education and mannerisms of the old and new south are not the only contrasting views that Flannery OConnor explores in these two short stories. Christianity and fallen human nature are two other aspects that bring depth and ironic twists to A Good Man Is Hard To Find and Good Country People. In both stories, OConnor explores the ideals and hypocrisies of the Christian religion and faith. Within OConnors writings, the traditional Christian themes of fall and redemption, nature and grace, sin and innocence are explored (Bleikasten 138). In A Good Man Is Hard To Find, OConnor questions the faith and beliefs in Christianity of the grandmother. At the closing of the story, when the grandmother is facing her own death, the Misfit says: Jesus was the only One that ever raised the dead a nd he shouldnt have done it. He thrown everything off balance. If He did what He said, then its nothing for you to do but throw away everything and follow Him, and if He didnt, then its nothing for you to do but enjoy the few minutes you got left the best way you canby killing somebody or burning down his house or doing some other meanness to him. OConnor 132) The Misfits view illustrates the active presence of an Evil force within the society. The grandmother assumed that if you came from good people that you would naturally be a good person. In contrast to this view of the old south, OConnor presents the reader with a world haunted by the sacreda sacred with two faces now distinct and opposed, now enigmatically confused: the divine and the demonic, and in her fables the battleground where these two antagonistic powers confront each other and fight for possession of each mans soul(Bleikasten 139). The grandmother represents the active and faithful Christian servant, and the Misf it is symbolic of the devil or an Anti-Christ figure. Despite all of the good deeds that the grandmother has accomplished, God is not there to help her in her time of need. The old southern and traditional secular view was that good deeds would lead to a good life, but OConnor recognizes that there is also an active force of Evil and presence of the Devil in this world. OConnors antisecular and antiindividualistic views are also present in her short story Good Country People. Within this short story, the reader is presented with two differing views of religion: the devout Christian and the atheist. The devout Christians, Mrs. Hopewell and Mrs. Freeman, represents the old south as does the grandmother in A Good Man Is Hard To Find. OConnor criticizes the old southern Christian for being faithful and trustful in A Good Man Is Hard To Find, yet the reader the does not quite know what to make of the ending in Good Country People. The story ends with the atheist being decieved by one who pretends to be a Christian. OConnor could be presenting the reader with the view that one is not able to really tell the difference between good country people and Christian or liars and cheats. Good Country People can be read as exploiting the idea that one is not able to tell the difference between Christians and non-Christians based on their appearance and actions. The old south puts their trust and hopes into appearances, while the new south is more reluctant and cautious. This is not to say that they cannot be decieved because the reader sees what happens to Joy/Hulga in the end. Joy/Hulga is an atheist who dismisses all Christian beliefs by saying in my economy Im saved and you are damned but I told you I didnt believe in God(OConnor 286). She compares her realization to the Christian salvation by saying we are all damned but some of us have taken off our blindfolds and see that theres nothing to see. Its a kind of salvation(OConnor 288). Joy/Hulga believes that sh e is saved from the hypocrisies of the Christian faith, and she represents the new south because she is open to different interpretations. She feels that she as been saved from Christianity, but OConnor raises the question: is she really saved at all? Joy/Hulga sets off to seduce Pointer, the Bible salesman, and she imagined that she took his remorse in hand and changes it into a deeper understanding of life(OConnor 284). Ironically, it is Pointer that teaches Joy/Hulga the lesson that needs to be learned. He turns on her and steals her wooden leg. In a fit of rage Joy/Hulga bursts out Youre a Christian! Youre a fine Christian! Youre just like them allsay one thing and do another. (OConnor 290). Joy/Hulga is not able to tell the difference between him and Mrs. Hopewell and Mrs. Freeman. She feels that by setting herself apart from Christianity she is saved from its pitfalls and hypocrisies. In reality, she is not saved from it at all. Pointer returns her comment saying I hope y ou dont think that I believe in that crap! I may sell Bibles but I know which end is up and I wasnt born yesterday and I know where I am going! (OConnor 290). OConnor presents the reader with a critique of religion and Christianity in both of her stories. Joy/Hulga beleives that all Christians are the same, but OConnor points out that there are all types. Pointer pretends to be a Christian in order to prey off of their needs and insecurities. Joy/Hulga is taken in by his charming and trustworthy persona, but she is unable to see his false motives. Good Country People points out that people do not always prove to be who they portray. The reader is left doubtful and questions the idea of naturally good people and questions value of the Christian faith. While critizing the Christian faith and practices, OConnor also raises the issue of fallen human nature. The Misfit in A Good Man Is Hard To Find and Pointer in Good Country People both represent a character of fallen human natur e. OConnor explores the idea of fallen human nature. The Misfit comes from a good family, and he states God never made a finer woman than my mother and my daddys heart was pure gold(OConnor 127). OConnor questions how someone from such a good family can turn out to be so evil? Fallen human nature is one explanation posited. The Misfit retorts the grandmothers argument that he is a good man saying, Nome, I aint a good man but I aint the worst in the world neither(OConnor 128). He has the self-realization that he is not a good person. He does not know where it is that he went wrong, but he states, I never was a bad boy that I remember of but somewhere along the line I done something wrong and got sent to the penitentiary. I was buried alive(OConnor 130). The Misfit admits that he was once good, but he is unable to determine the source of his fallen human nature. OConnor presents us with another character in Good Country People of fallen human nature. Pointer does not argue tha t he was once good; instead, he tells Hulga, you aint so smart. I been believing in nothing ever since I was born! (OConnor 291). Pointers character illustrates that one can be born with a fallen human nature, or he is made that way by society from the time he is born. In contrast to the Misfits fallen human nature that comes about when he is older, Pointer began falling the day he was born. The idea of fallen human nature is contrasting to the ideas of the old south. Good country people were assumed to always be good, and the old south also thought bad people were born that way. OConnor posited the idea that the society in which one lives can influence a person to change. The Misfit was raised by nice folks, and the old south would have assumed that he would be nice. The grandmother repeatedly argues that I know you came from nice people! (OConnor 132). Bailey, the grandmothers son, realizes the situation that they are in, and he knows that the Misfit is not a nice person. In Go od Country People, Pointer portrays himself as a good country person, and he states, Im as good as you any day in the week(OConnor 290). Pointer dismisses the old souths view that there are good people in this world, and he argues that he is not a bad person. OConnor explicitly explores the themes of Christian theology through Pointer and the Misfit in A Good Man Is Hard To Find and Good Country People. In addition, she presents the reader with the differing generations of the old and new south, and she illustrates the ontrasting views between the two. OConnor is not afraid to question Christian theology or the Southern culture. Her irony and satire add depth to ther stories, and her deep cultural analysis of the South brings a higher level to her writings. OConnor also explores the concept of fallen human nature and how it is brought about. Overall, OConnors works prove to be very in depth in both her social and cultural analysis of the South. She is not afraid to critique the soci ety in which she grew up and lived. Bibliography Asals, Frederick. Flannery OConnor: The Imagination of Extremity. Athens, Georgia: The University of Georgia Press, 1982. Bleikstan, Andre. The Heresy of Flannery OConnor. Critical Essays on Flannery OConnor. Ed. Melvin J. Friedman and Beverly Lyon Clark. Boston: G. K. Hall Co. , 1985. Friedman, Melvin J. Introduction. Critical Essays on Flannery OConnor. Ed. Melvin J. Friedman and Beverly Lyon Clark. Boston: G. K. Hall Co. , 1985. OConnor, Flannery. The Complete Stories of Flannery OConnor. New York: The Noonday Press, 1971. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Flanery Oconner Good Country People" essay for you Create order

Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Recent Development - 3564 Words

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The Future Of Currency Essay - 3241 Words

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Judaism Modernization In America Essay Example For Students

Judaism Modernization In America Essay The Jewish way of life has been affected in a tremendous way by the people ofthe United States of America. By the time of the signing of the Declaration ofIndependence, there were only 2500 Jews in America. For forty years beginning in1840, 250,000 Jews (primarily from Germany, Hungary, and Bohemia) entered thiscountry. Anti-Semitism and economic woes in Eastern Europe went from bad toworse after the pogroms of 1881-1882. Almost three million Eastern European Jewsleft between 1881 and 1914, two million (85%) of which decided to come toAmerica, where they thought the streets were paved with gold. Theywere wrong. Because of this intercontinental migration, the socialcharacterization of Jews in America changed drastically. Before the move, thelargest group in the early eighteenth century were the Sephardic Jews. Theylived in the coastal cities as merchants, artisans, and shippers. The Jews whopredominately spoke German came to America over 100 years later, and quicklyspread out over the land. Starting as peddlers, they moved up to businesspositions in the south, midwest, and on the west coast. New York City had 85,000Jews by 1880, most of which had German roots. At this time in American history,the government accepted many people from many different backgrounds to allow fora diverse population; this act of opening our borders probably is the origin ofthe descriptive phrase the melting pot of the world. These GermanJews rapidly assimilated themselves and their faith. Reform Judaism arrived hereafter the Civil War due to the advent of European Reform rabbis. Jewishseminaries, associations, and institutions, such as Cincinnatis Hebrew UnionCollege, New Yorks Jewish Theological Seminary, the Union of American HebrewCongregations (UAHC), and the Central Conference of American Rabbis, werefounded in the 1880s. America was experimenting with industry on a huge scale atthe time the Eastern European Jews that arrived. Their social history combinedwith the American Industri al Age produced an extremely diverse and distinctAmerican Jewry by the end of the intercontinental migration, which coincidedwith the start of the Great World War (World War I). Almost two out of everythree new immigrants called the big northeast municipalities (such as the LowerEast Side of New York) their new home. They would take any job available tosupport the family, and they worked in many different jobs which were asphysically demanding as they were diverse. The garment district in New Yorktoday was made from the meticulousness, the sweat, and the determination of theJews. Low pay, long hours, and disgusting working conditions characterized theaverage working day. Labor unions fought for these workers rights andeventually won. There are stories of men in the Lower East Side of New York whostarted to sell rags from a cart, and slowly moved up the ladder in time to runa small clothing shop. Like other Jews in America at this time, they sacrificedthe Sabbath to work during it, b ut it was for the good and the support of hisfamily. The 1890s saw the birth of many Jewish-oriented charities were organizedto raising funds for medical and social services, such as Jewish hospitals andJewish homes for the aged. The American Jewish Committee was formed in 1906 toattempt to influence the American government to aid persecuted Jewishcommunities overseas. Bnai Brith, a Jewish fraternal society, was set up in1843 by German Jews in America; in 1913 it instituted the Anti-Defamation Leagueto combat anti-Semitism. Today the ADL combats not just anti-Semitism, but alsoracism and other discriminants. Furthermore, The Bnai Brith Hillel Foundationhas put together Hillel Houses at major college campus throughout the country toensure that Jewish college students get an adequate religious experience. .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224 , .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224 .postImageUrl , .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224 , .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224:hover , .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224:visited , .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224:active { border:0!important; } .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224:active , .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224 .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc05c987c1366dfec994e099c6a829224:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Inspire For Sleep Apnea Cause And Effect Essay Anti-Semitism in America did not become widespread until the turn of thecentury. Anti-Semitism follows Jews around; it is not part of a community unlessJews live with them in that community and the gentiles dont want them there. Jews were informally ostracized from clubs and resorts, and were denied entranceto colleges and other institutes of higher learning. Moreover, it was a commonpractice to not employ Jews in particular professions and basic industries. Between World War I and World War II the United States placed limits on thenumber of Jews allowed in per year. Zionism, the movement formed by Jews to getthemselves to a land that they can call their own, had a definite impact onAmerican Jewry during Zionisms times of development and execution. AmericanZionism was affected by German and East European Jews coming to America.. Although the small membership of the American Zionist movement was almostcompletely East European at first, many of its leaders came from the olderGerman group. By 1915, Zionism began to attract prominent American-born figures,such as Louis D. Brandeis, who is most famous as being the first Jew to serve onthe Supreme Court. Brandeis and his associates added a distinctly American noteinto Zionism, rejecting the belief that the diaspora was a form of exile, andalso that Zionism tried to address the dangerous problem of dual loyalty forpatriotic Jewish Americans. For Brandeis, American and Zionist ideals reinforcedeach other. The occurrences of intermarriage (a Jew marrying a gentile) was notonly extremely rare in the first generation of American Jews, it was alsounheard of and rarely talked about. Today, love commonly crosses the borders ofreligion; intermarriages are common. Although divorce is allowed by the Jewishreligion, it also happened once in a blue moon in those times. In Amer ica today,every other marriage ends in a divorce. The parents tried to push their childrenfor them to have a better life (i.e., material wealth), a better job, and abetter education than they themselves did. The primary reason for this is so theparents would know that their children could adequately support them in old age. Today, the curve has changed. This happens on a much lower rate, andthe chances that it happens again (on the same scale the first generation ofAmerican Jews) is slim; todays economy is but one reason of many why this willhappen. Back then, only the husband worked and the universal middle-classexpectation of the wife was to stay at home and tend for the children. Ifthe wife had to work even part time during seasonal times of the year thenit shamed the family into thinking that the husband was not a good provider. Today it is not uncommon for both parents to work, and usually neither parent isashamed that both work to (simply) support the family; usually they are bothemployed such that the family can enjoy a higher standard of living. Furthermore, the advent of womens liberation has made it possible for morewomen to go out into the work force. Keeping Kosher is yet another issue thathas changed over the generations of American Jews. My mother and father, bothJews, grew up in the 1950s and 1960s, and my mothers family always kept kosher. Today, as a Jew, I have never kept kosher in my life, with the exception ofcertain holidays, and when my rabbi was watching me. Finally, the last issuewhich is a part of the Jewish-American generation gap is the Yiddish language. .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706 , .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706 .postImageUrl , .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706 , .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706:hover , .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706:visited , .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706:active { border:0!important; } .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706:active , .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706 .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud2b57d83c7ac970b0b1011105f2e0706:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Juvenile delinquency and religion EssayParents spoke Yiddish often, but not to the children. They only spoke it to eachother if they did not want the kids to understand what they were talking about(i.e., marriage problems). However, because the parents did not choose to havetheir kids learn Yiddish, they may have contributed to the generation gap. Today, Yiddish is dying rapidly. Yiddish theater in New York is but one of a fewremaining areas in America that still speak the language. Today, as a Jew, Ihave never heard a Yiddish sentence only a few words here and there, likeschlemiel and zoftig and even then I am still unsureof their true meaning in the times when it was spoken freely. Scholars havepredicted the extinction of the language by 2040 AD, or 5800 on the Jewishcalendar. America has also been an influence on new kinds of Judaism. MordecaiKaplan founded the Jewish Reconstructionist movement in America in the early1900s. In 1917 he led a shul which incorporated a broad realm of cultural andrecreational activities. Five years later, he formed the Society of theAdvancement of Judaism, which believed that worship was only one of many issuesa congregation should address. His book Judaism as a Civilization called for areconstruction of Jewish life. The Jewish ReconstructionistFoundation (now the Federation of Reconstruction ist Congregations and Havurot)issued new liturgical texts in the 1940s and 1950s, and it opened theReconstructionist Rabbinic College in Philadelphia in 1968. It is an evolvingand organic kind of Judaism, which is constantly adapting itself to the needs ofthe community and the society it serves. Judaism today, largely because of theAmerican hustle-and-bustle contemporary lifestyle, is just a religion instead ofa way of life. We are now in a period of time where many options are presentedon how to be Jewish going to shul, observing the holidays, sending yourchildren to learn about the Jewish ways of life, belonging to temples and Jewishorganizations (i.e., Havurah, an attempt to revive Judaism in small socialgroups) instead of what was only one way to be Jewish. No central idea holdsit together. Theres really no one common way to be Jewish anymore.

Operations and Environmental Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Operations and Environmental Management. Answer: Introduction Sustainable development refers to not to compromise environment so that its consequences cannot be obtained economic growth and globalization of an organization (Griggs et al., 2013). Sustainability can be of different types- environmental sustainability, social sustainability and economic sustainability. Holden et al. (2017) moreover depict that environmental sustainability illustrates not to use environment as an inexhaustible source; while social sustainability refers to the development of people and culture. Lastly, the economic sustainability is to generate wealth for community for generating equal economic growth without hampering the environment. In this business report, the concepts of sustainable development will be explained related with the current happenings in Malaysia. The organization considered is Mandarin Oriental Hotel and advantages and disadvantages of adopting sustainable development principles for this organization will also be explained. The key sustainability issues will also be identified based on which recommended action plans for the preservation of the environment to enhance sustainability, competitiveness, and profit. Discussion Pearce et al. (2013) defines sustainable development as fulfillment of present need of people or organization without compromising the resources and ability of the next generation to satisfy their needs. Sustainable development can be obtained through different ways- production of good on a regular basis in order to maintain or meet the government or external debt, avoiding over-exploitation of renewable resource and maintaining atmospheric stability, other ecosystem functionalities and biodiversity (Wheeler Beatley, 2014). Folke and Kautsky (2014) furthermore stated that though distributional equity, political accountability, providing health and education sustainable development and valuing gender equity can also bring sustainable development. There are some basic kirk principles of sustainable development:- Futurity- The Mandarin Oriental Hotel monitor water consumption and protect local resources by rationalize the uses. The hotel also reduces atmospheric pollution by controlling energy. Moreover, for maintaining the purchasing policy, the concerned hotel reduces the impact of consumption from the environment and promotes the development of local, social and ecological flows. The Mandarin Oriental Hotel has also take initiative for limiting noise pollution by establishing noise-free zone, improve air quality within the premises and reduce the impact on the local landscape. Inter-generational equity: Recycling the products used by customers to formulate new objects saves other resources for the future. There are gardens in the hotel premises that saves much raw resources taken from outside. Moreover, the hotel authorities are associated with government for protecting the ecology in Malaysia. Participation- The Mandarin Oriental Hotel follows all the government legislation. The hotel follows The National Plan of Action for Nutrition of Malaysia III 20162025 (NPANM III), Health Human Resource Master Plan, National Policy on Women 1989, National Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan 2009, National Energy Efficiency Action Plan 2015, National Green Technology Policy 2009, Occupational Safety and Health Master Plan 20162020, National Action Plan for Persons with Disabilities 20162020, Minimum Wage Policy, National Urbanisation Policy 20062020 and National Policy for Biological Diversity 20162025 (Sustainabledevelopment.un.org, 2018). Thus, they collaborate with political and social groups for taking decisions for the hotel. Balancing of economic and environmental factors- The Mandarin Oriental Hotel obtained Economic sustainability through natural capital, human capital, produced capital, financial capital and social capital. In order to overcome the pollution, the hotel use green technology and renewable source of energy and by not dumping the waste in open water bodies and fields. Environmental capacities- In order to protect the environment and ecological balance, the Mandarin Oriental Hotel have implemented eco-friendly heating and energy technology through the energymanagement system that calculates total energy consumed throughout the premises. They have also invested financial resources on waste reduction technology and sustainable laundry system. Some of the waste reduction tools used in the hotel are- Close-Coupled Pulping Systems, Table Mounted Pulpers, Hydra-Extractor and Dehydrator System. Sustainable laundry system is obtained through the use of polymer laundry beads that not only keep linen looking new but also reduces the labor. Emphasis on quality- Mandarin Oriental Hotel has opted for the High Quality Environment certification (HQE) for developing their infrastructures to save 20 to 30% in energy consumption (Mandarinoriental.com, 2018). The hotel also develops environmentally friendly drip system through garden inside the hotel that has hundred different trees and shrubs (Mandarinoriental.com, 2018). Compatibility with local ecosystems- In Malaysia, the infrastructure is formulated in such a way so that no biodiversity gets hampered. The raw material for the food is supplied by the local farmer, who follows the National Agricultural Policy. The hotel is also associated with the protection of the breeding of improved varieties of rice and cereals. Moreover, they also have installed two rooftop beehives in cooperation with local organization for supporting pollination cycle and with the mission to develop a pesticide free-zone. Advantages and disadvantages of adopting sustainable development principles One of the advantageous aspects of adopting sustainable development principles is getting continuous support from government. Reid (2013) stated that when an organization follows sustainable principle, local governing bodies and government of nation supports the organizational operations. Following all principal also allow the company to gain a trust and effective partnership with government. Sachs (2015) depicted that this will help the organization to expand their operations and brand in future. Another advantage is obtaining satisfied customers and greater brand recognition. According to Warburton (2013), adopting sustainable development principles allow the company attracts more customers towards their brand. It is a general tendency of the human to obtain services that worth their money but they also prefer an organization that cares about community people and invests financial resources in philanthropic work. People will be happy to experience the service of an ethical organiza tion and may promote the brand through word-of-mouth approach (Ahmad Tahar, 2014). In this way, the concerned hospitality organization can obtain greater brand recognition. Moreover, Joseph (2013) stated that adopting suitability principle also allow the organization to drive the interest of those customers, who intends to invest in green technology and experience. Thus, the more people attracted towards the company, the greater will be the profitability. The disadvantage of adopting sustainable development principles is involvement of greater financial resources. Developing eco-friendly objects through the method of recycling and reusing need more time and monetary resources than developing new substances. Shaikh et al. (2017) stated that not all used materials are recyclable and omitting the non-recyclable materials also needs huge time investment. I addition to that, since green technology is a recent initiative, thus, it is difficult for a mid-income country like Malaysia to adopt all these technologies. Another drawback is the inability to follow all sustainable principle. The Mandarin Oriental Hotel suffers from two major environmental issues- waste management and water resources management. Samari et al. (2013) stated according to the definition of sustainability development, all the resource should be used in a way so that future generation do not have to make any compromise to fulfill their need. However, it is not possible t o satisfy every policy of the sustainability and some gaps should always be remained. Analysis and explanation of key sustainability issues The two issue that the Mandarin Oriental Hotel faces are managing waste and conserving water. The organization has also developed the plan for reducing carbon emissions by 50% by the year 2035 (Joseph, 2013). Mandarin Oriental Hotel offer shampoo bottle, soap, tooth brushes and other accessories to their customers. Sometimes, clothes and non-degradable waste are also gathered. These materials are rarely fully consumed by those consumers and often thrown in the open space. Moreover, the materials used for the packaging of these items are also not recyclable. In the year 1993, the Solid WasteManagement privatization bill was initiated but it was implemented from August, 2007 (Ho et al., 2013). Another statistics shows that in Malaysia, municipal solid waste (MSW) has been increased by 95% over the past 10 years (Joseph, 2013). The contribution in waster generation is also done by urban population, who are liable for generating more than 70% of the total waste. However, the government off Malaysia formulated Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation (PPSPPA) for public cleansing management (Tolba, 2013). It is found that in Malaysia, the water management system depend mostly on water supply management approach and fulfill the users demand (Wwf.org.my, 2018). Ahmad and bin Mat Tahar (2014) stated that this method is unsustainable as water demand will overtake water supply and people may suffer insufficient water. Samari et al. (2013) highlight another issue that Malaysia lacks a central agency to handle the water supply and its resources. Moreover, due to sectoral management in politics, there is no head agency to manage this aspect (Wwf.org.my, 2018). Thus, too many agencies have jurisdiction of water management which also results in conflicts. The Mandarin Oriental Hotel also faces the water management issue due to the high rates of water wastage in domestic, agricultural and industrial sector. However, the concerned hotel has to communicate with government for the water supply. In recent time, the government of Malaysia announced to privatize water supply for every states. The priv ate sector lacks transparency and accountability with the organization they are associated even though the privatization did not produce desirable results. In Malaysia, about 68% of total water is used in Agriculture; however, only 50% is best used and there is no recycling of irrigated water. Thus, sometimes, there is shortage of water resources in many places including Mandarin Oriental Hotel. The hotel thus, has the problem of water conservation and management related with their organization. Lastly, the carbon dioxide emission in Malaysia was 247.59M in 2015 and 263.85 M in the year 2016 and is increased from them in recent time (Sustainabledevelopment.un.org, 2018). The concerned hotel is also suffering from the same problem as more customers are visiting in the hotel due to their unique experience. It is also found that Malaysia was placed at top ninth global tourism destinations in the year 2017 and as a result more tourist use vehicles and transportation that results in high carbon emission, energy and water wastage. Recommendations In order to overcome the problem of waste management, two actions can be done- creating a waste audit team and give training to the staffs. The initiative for waste management requires auditing how much water the hotel is obtaining every day. Depending on the quantity of the waste and impact of the water obtained the audit team should suggest effective strategies. This creation of water audit team need 2 months of time and can be initiated after the formulation of team. The training to the staffs address the topic of disposal of different type of garbage, recording quantities of waste and reviewing invoices for the waste. This training to the staffs create awareness and management of waste from the initial phase. The residue of this waster management should be dumped in municipal garbage for ultimate waste management procedure. Moreover, for overcoming the problem of water supply management, developing supply and demand-side management for water supply handling, collaboration with government and less use of water and water purification is suggested to implement. In Malaysia, people need more water for their daily use and thus it has to be managed. The Mandarin Oriental Hotel has planned to utilize Water Demand Management (WDM) to produce additional quantities of water for fulfilling the current need of the people. This process also formulates virtual quantities of water by conserving some water by increasing industrial production per unit of water. This require 1 year of time to be accomplished. Moreover, collaboration with government for formulating the virtual water results in improvements in the conservation system through adequate government policies. This collaboration with government need less than a year time as Mandarin Oriental Hotel has a good reputation in Malaysia. Lastly, Malaysia has national average rates of Non-revenue Water (NRW) of 40% (Wwf.org.my, 2018). This is equal to loss of 40 liters of water for every 100 liters of treated water. Thus, taking initiative for purifying the waste water should be implemented. The purification system takes 6 months to be installed and executed. In addition to that the problem of carbon emission can be overcome by using recycles materials and developing electric vehicles. It is evident that the total carbon emission cannot be reduced completely. However, the use of the carbon materials can be reduced. This can be done by implementing the recycling plant to recycle all the plastic bottles and cotton fabrics that customers used and then throw. This implementation need 7-8 months time and need proper maintenance. Moreover, in order to lessen the impact of the carbon emission emitted from the vehicles used for transportation, electric vehicles should be initiated. Battery driven cars and vehicles can also be developed that is solely owned by the Mandarin Oriental Hotel. This steep needs 5-6 months of time to formulate electric vehicles for their customers. Conclusion Thus, it is concluded that, the Mandarin Oriental Hotel offer many facilities to their customers and also follow many sustainable approaches. These approaches can be witnessed from their initiatives of garden formulations, creation of bee hives and High Quality Environment certification (HQE). However, carbon emission, waste management and water supply management are some issue that can be implemented for attaining competitive advantage from other hotel in the market. Moreover, from the discussion it is also found that in order to overcome the problem of waste management, creating a team for waste audit and offering training to the staffs are two planned solution. Additionally, for overcoming the problem of water supply management, the solution of developing supply and demand-side management for water supply handling and less use of water and water purification is selected. Lastly, for overcoming the problem of carbon emission, use of recycles materials and development of electric ve hicles will be taken into consideration. References Ahmad, S., bin Mat Tahar, R. (2014). Using system dynamics to evaluate renewable electricity development in Malaysia.Kybernetes,43(1), 24-39. Ahmad, S., Tahar, R. M. (2014). 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[online] Available at: https://www.mandarinoriental.com/paris/place-vendome/luxury-hotel/sustainability [Accessed 11 Feb. 2018]. Pearce, D., Barbier, E., Markandya, A. (2013).Sustainable development: economics and environment in the Third World. Routledge. Reid, D. (2013).Sustainable development: an introductory guide. Routledge. Sachs, J. D. (2015).The age of sustainable development. Columbia University Press. Samari, M., Ghodrati, N., Esmaeilifar, R., Olfat, P., Shafiei, M. W. M. (2013). The investigation of the barriers in developing green building in Malaysia.Modern Applied Science,7(2), 1. Shaikh, P. H., Nor, N. B. M., Sahito, A. A., Nallagownden, P., Elamvazuthi, I., Shaikh, M. S. (2017). Building energy for sustainable development in Malaysia: A review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,75, 1392-1403. Sustainabledevelopment.un.org. (2018).Sustainable Development of Malaysia. [online] Available at: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/15881Malaysia [Accessed 11 Feb. 2018]. Tolba, M. K. (2013).Sustainable development: Constraints and opportunities. Elsevier. Warburton, D. (2013).Community and sustainable development: participation in the future. Routledge. Wheeler, S. M., Beatley, T. (Eds.). (2014).Sustainable urban development reader. Routledge. Wwf.org.my. (2018).Issues. [online] Available at: https://www.wwf.org.my/about_wwf/what_we_do/freshwater_main/freshwater_sustainable_water_use/projects_sustainability_of_malaysia_s_water_resources_utilisation/smwru_issues/ [Accessed 11 Feb. 2018].